For guidance in formatting citations to german legal materials, consult rule 20 and table 2 of the bluebook, kf245. Abbreviate the listed words wherever they appear in a partys name that is part of a citation. A uniform system of citation, a style guide, prescribes the most widely used legal citation system in the united states. German legal codes were first compiled during the late 19th century after germany emerged as a unified state.
A volume that explains the organization of a state government and provides the names of state officials. Feb 05, 2020 by cardiff university contains legal abbreviations for english language publications. Bluebook citation for llm students bluebook citation for. Roman law, as embodied in the corpus juris civilis, was received in germany from the 15th century onward, and with this reception came a legal profession and a system of law developed by professionals juristenrecht. Abbreviations bluebooking tips and resources libguides at. Set out below is a table of words and their abbreviations with links to examples. The bluebook also tells you which reporter to cite, if the courts opinions are printed in more than one reporter.
Table 2 provides specific examples for citing different types of german legal materials, including the basic law constitution, codes, statutes and decrees, legislative materials, court. Bluebook a uniform system of citation abbreviations for legal journals. A publication that establishes the correct form of case citations or of references to a legal authority showing where information can be found. The german approach to legal codification has made a significant impact on the development of the law in other civil law jurisdictions, with the german civil.
However, it can be used by anyone embarking on a foreign legal research project. This is one of the most widely used legal citation system in the united states. B58 2000 reserve world dictionary of legal abbreviations, kf89. The director of loyolas legal writing program, professor aimee dudovitz, is a coauthor. Bluebook regarding the use of bluebooks websites and collectively the websites and supersedes all previous provisions or representations relating to the foregoing.
Citations to german law german legal research guide. Blue book legal definition of blue book legal dictionary. This entry about german legal research has been published under the terms of the creative commons attribution 3. Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on the bluebook s unique system of citation in their writing. Most useful bluebook tables for abbreviations the bluepages tables bt1 and bt2. Using the california style manual and the bluebook by susan heinrichwells call number. Beck is a very well respected legal publisher, so this information is reliable. It is a composite of those contained in the bluebook and the alwd guide to legal citation. There is, however, no authoritative citation style similar in importance to the bluebook in the united states or oscola in the united kingdom. A legal magazine that now has around 1,500,000 page views per month and 99,000 newsletter subscribers. In a diverse and rapidly changing legal profession, the bluebook continues to provide a systematic method by which members of the profession communicate important information to one another about the sources and legal. The scope of the indigo books coverage is roughly equivalent to the bluebooks bluepagesthat is, the indigo book covers legal citation for u. In citations, abbreviate the names of months as follows.
Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on the bluebooks unique system of citation in their writing. Bluebook, grammar, legal citation, legal research permalink. Bluebook questions possible not safe for honor code top. The bluebook is an example of absolute efficiency in the formulation and expression of the rules of legal citation. This agreement sets forth the entire understanding between the customer and bluebook international, inc. Consult this list when creating citations to treaties. Names of months followed by the day, or day and year, are abbrevi ated in. Proper way to write a date on a legal document legal beagle. In the text of technical and legal publications, and in. Cases bluebook legal citation tarlton law library at. Below is a basic list of very common abbreviations. Legal abbreviations can be a puzzle to both new students and experienced professionals.
Some attorneys spell out the month and use numerals for the day and year, while others use all numeric numbers. When documenting sources using apa style, no abbreviations are used, all months should be spelled out in full. It has come under attack for its frequent revisions that contain minor changes to citation form. Bluebook table t1 provides guidance on how to properly abbreviate reporter names. It is required by law schools, law libraries, and multiple state and federal courts as the required guide to legal citation. Abbreviations may also be found for common words or legal phrases. In a diverse and rapidly changing legal profession, the bluebook continues to provide a systematic method by which members of the profession communicate important information to one another about the sources and legal authorities upon. Abbreviations of legal publications monash university.
Bluebook questions possible not safe for honor code. In addition, abbreviate any state or smaller geographic unit included in a. As in most countries, germany has a standard way of citing its legal codes and case law. Citing treaties and other international agreements apa style. Spelling out the month eliminates confusion if dealing. Hat tip to eva resnicow, aka editrix lex, who brought this bluebook change to my attention since the eighteenth edition, the bluebook has included internal quotation marks omitted among the parenthetical expressions listed in rule 5. Under modern rules, few if any states limit how you write dates in legal documents other than requiring standard american usage. Citations to german law german legal research guide guides. In this way, the ability to bluebook is simply a proxy for other skills. This can lead to citation confusion so be sure to check the bluebook closely.
Bluebook is the official handbook of proper citation form. A nice feature is a popup that appears if the abbreviation is ambiguous, offering a. Required abbreviations for case names in citations. The new 20th edition of the bluebook is out now and thus west academic press plans to publish next month a new users guide to go along with it called a nthons the bluebook uncovered.
The bluebook, for most legal professionals, is the legal citation bible. Such citations and abbreviations are found in court decisions, statutes, regulations, journal articles, books, and other documents. In writing contracts it is the better practice to make no abbreviations. Lesson summary in this lesson, we have learned the names of each month. Bluebook questions possible not safe for honor code post by thuggishruggishbone tue may 11, 2010 11. Mar 27, 2020 this can lead to citation confusion so be sure to check the bluebook closely. They are updated and revised less frequently than other types of legislation. The bluebook also has citation rules for legal memoranda and other practiceoriented materials the blue pages, which students in lrwa2 use for their memo assignments. For quick reference, you may consult the examples of abbreviations material in tarltons finding a case guide. Case name abbreviations table 6 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z. Rule 20 provides general guidelines for citing foreign law.
German legal research european encyclopedia of law beta. For example, for the arizona supreme court it says, cite to p. Abbreviations and letter symbols are used to save space and to avoid distracting the reader by. For additional abbreviations, see also princes dictionary of legal abbreviations and table in the bluebook. The scope of the indigo book s coverage is roughly equivalent to the bluebook s bluepagesthat is, the indigo book covers legal citation for u. This page provides bluebook a uniform system of citation, 19th ed. Bt2 jurisdictionspecific citation rules and style guides. Bluebook questions possible not safe for honor code post by mr. Blue pages this guide covers the bluebook s white pages, which provide citation rules for academic papers. Journal articles, the prime concern of the bluebook and alwd guide to legal citation, carry no such clear as of date and therefore pose a greater risk of version uncertainty. Guide to foreign and international legal citations nyu law. Legal guide to germany how is legal guide to germany.
So every five years or so, when a new edition of the bluebook is released, some eagerly study it, and others groan at the thought of relearning. Jun 08, 2011 a scholar can certainly write a superb article without once consulting the bluebook, but an editor who can identify errant commas and inconsistent abbreviations in the footnotes is also more likely to catch typographical and grammatical mistakes in the text. An open implementation of a system of legal citation. Has a bit of a slant toward british publications, because its based in the u. German abbreviations foreign law translations texas law.
In text only, dates as part of a citation or reference within paren. Judge posner recently and famously, as his article went viral as much as one can among the online legal community criticized the bluebook as a monstrous growth, remote from the functional need for legal citation forms, that serves. The bluebook evokes strong feelings among its users. Abbreviations bluebooking tips and resources libguides. Legal journals use selfmade house citation styles, and the most influential style. Browse the list of 5 692 legal abbreviations with their meanings and definitions. But see is used for authority that, while not directly contradicting the main proposition, nonetheless clearly opposes it. Feb 07, 2020 for guidance in formatting citations to german legal materials, consult rule 20 and table 2 of the bluebook, kf245. Many legal terms, particularly abbreviations of german laws and regulations, can be found here. Abbreviations and letter symbols abbreviations and.
The months that were not mentioned above to not have any abbreviations in german. The indigo book isnt the same as the bluebook, but it does implement the same uniform system of citation that the bluebook does. The parties may have called it a treaty, a pact, a convention, an understanding, a protocol, or an. Bluebook rule 10 covers how cases should be cited in legal documents. Browse and search thousands of german abbreviations and acronyms in our comprehensive reference resource.
Abbreviations of months of the year, days of the week, and. Legal citations legal reference sources research guides. B46 2001 ready reference a uniform system of citation, 17th ed. Legal guide to germany how is legal guide to germany abbreviated. List of all most popular abbreviated legal terms defined. The worlds largest and most comprehensive directory and search engine for acronyms, abbreviations and initialisms on the internet. This webbased service allows you to search for the meaning of abbreviations for english language legal publications, from the british isles, the commonwealth and the united states, including those covering international and comparative law.
It is common practice in legal documents to cite to other publications by using standard abbreviations for the title of each source. Both months and days of the week should start with capital letters and end with a period. An introductory class guide this guide was created for use by attendees at the summer success 2011 program held at the harvard law school. Blue pages this guide covers the bluebooks white pages, which provide citation rules for academic papers. Because bluebook citation style relies heavily on footnotes and doesnt include the reference list and namedate citations that are the hallmarks of apa style, when you use a legal reference format from the bluebook, consult appendix 7. Some love it for its detailed rules, multiple tables of abbreviations, and obsession with punctuation, and others hate it for the exact same reasons.
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